Calcium, the body's most abundant mineral, combines with phosphorous to form bones and teeth. These 2 minerals represent about 75% of the body's total mineral content, or about 2.5% of body mass.
In its ionized form (about 1% of 1200mg of endogenous calcium), calcium functions in muscle stimulation, blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, activation of enzymes, synthesis of calcitriol and transport fluid across membranes. It also may contribute to easing premenstrual syndrome, preventing colon cancer and optimizing blood pressure regulation.
There is much information on the role of calcium supplements etc but we will deal with how exercise is related to bone health.
Exercise Provides Benefits
Mechanical loading through dynamic exercise slows the rate of skeletal aging. Regardless of age or gender, children or adults who maintain an active lifestyle have significantly greater bone mass than sedentary counterparts.
Benefits of regular exercise on bone mass accretion are greatest during childhood and adolescence. These benefits often accrue to the seventh and eight decades of life. The decline in vigorous exercise with a sedentary lifestyle with aging closely parallels the age-related bone mass loss.
The osteogenic effect of exercise and everyday amounts of physical activity becomes particularly effective during the growth periods of childhood and alolescence and may reduce fracture risk later in life.
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